Publications

Energy Materials Laboratory

Publications

Multifunctional NaF-Stacked Structure for Vacuum-Processed Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors
Yunna Kim, Nakyung Kim, Jiyoung Kwon, Jinu Park, Mingue Shin, Ye Ji Shin, Sukki Lee, Seoyeon Park, Eun Seon Cho, Hee Joon Jung, Byungha Shin
Journal
ACS Energy Letters
Vol
10 (9)
Page
4194-4202
Year
2025

Vacuum deposition offers precise thickness control and avoids issues such as solvent incompatibility and interlayer dissolution. Despite these advantages, perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) fabricated via this method show lower efficiency due to uncontrolled crystal growth and defects. We report a NaF-stacked CsPbBr3 architecture combining coevaporation of CsPbBr3 with sequential NaF evaporation, producing a stacked structure unattainable via solution processing. NaF interlayers provide surface passivation, restrict grain growth to nanograins that enhance exciton binding, and promote (112) orientation via <1% lattice match with NaF(100). We further introduce dual-side guanidinium bromide (GABr) passivation, in which a bottom GABr layer survives perovskite deposition to passivate Pb0 defects, and a top GABr layer is added after. This dual passivation is unattainable in solution processing. Green PeLEDs with the NaF-stacked, GABr-passivated emitter exhibit an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.21% and luminance of 35,289 cd/m2, highlighting vacuum-based structural engineering as a path to improved PeLEDs.